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  • A Review On Thorens Turntables: Are They Good?

    A Review On Thorens Turntables: Are They Good?

    Thorens is a renowned brand that produces an extensive range of phonograph models (turntables). However, does its products hold up to its name, or does its reputation precede it? This article will talk about a general review on Thorens turntables: are they good?

    Thorens is an old brand, so it would be proper to assume that reviewing their whole lineup in a single sentence does not grant justice as to what they are worth. However, they are a reliable brand, albeit the price.

    To get a holistic view of Thorens’ lineup, we have viewed community opinion as well as detailed reviews. Let us see how they hold up then.

    A Review On Thorens Turntables: What Do The Experts Have To Say?

    Thorens have made such a wide range of products up their catalog that it would be virtually impossible to finish this article if I had looked up every single one of their lineup. First of all, they started in the early 1900s and had their first electric turntable product up by 1928. Just thinking about reviewing all their products from 1928 makes me dizzy. (1)

    In this section of the article, let us look at what the experts have to say. Moreover, we will also be looking back at memory lane and getting you a general overview of their lineup.

    A Trip Down Memory Lane

    As stated earlier, Thorens had produced and released their first electric turntable way back in 1928. However, the truth is that they had started the Thorens brand as a family business way back in 1883 and had produced musical boxes before they started with the phonographs. They had only started producing turntables in 1903. (1)

    However, when they started producing these electric record players, they were so successful that even until today, their vintage record players are still rated as high-end record players. Imagine the prestige of being called high-end even after more than 50 years after release. That is a true legend out there, I tell you.

    However, for Thorens, life wasn’t a rosy path. Instead, it was a quite thorny one, as, despite their cost-reduction efforts in 1997, their debts were too big to ignore, forcing them to be absorbed into a more prominent company.

    Now, let us talk about the Thorens in the current time. How are their products holding up? Let’s ask the experts. 

    What Do the Experts Have to Say?

    When it comes to product reviews, who is the best to ask other than the audiophiles– or the experts themselves? In this section of the article, let us talk about what the experts had to say and what their Thorens turntables review.

    First, I had to look up “What Hi-Fi?” had to say regarding Thorens turntables. To debrief you on “What Hi-Fi?” really is, first founded in 1976, “What Hi-Fi?” is a leading website that helps consumers select the highest grade hi-fi products.

    While reviewing one of Thorens’ products, “What Hi-Fi?” has mentioned how the company has been a trusted manufacturer, having their origins be more than a hundred years in the past. This heritage, according to them, makes Thorens’ products highly reliable while also commenting on their excellent build quality as well as their innovative design. (2)

    Thorens’ turntables are known to have a classic design, no alien-like form factor, no highly unique features. Still, they are exemplary at things that a turntable or record player considers as the most essential. They give you the basics, without the unnecessary fuss, but all the creamy basics.

    As a high-end brand, expect Thorens’ turntables to be much more expensive than your usual 300-dollar threshold. However, with the reliability and peace of mind they bring, you surely won’t regret it.

    When looking at their vintage and new models, you might be shocked to look at the pricing. More or less, your bank may call you after a “suspicious” purchase on your credit card. After all, a 3000-dollar purchase is quite a hefty one. (3)

    Unless if you are an extreme hardcore audiophile, shelling out more than $300 on a turntable may not be worth it. First of all, untrained ears will get highly diminished returns as the prices of the turntables go higher. However, if you consider yourself to be quite the audiophile, then in more words than one, be my guest too but a Thorens turntable.

    Thorens is known for its unique sound mix, and for sure, they will sound more than better than the turntables you can buy at less than $300. However, you can also try to search for other cheaper alternatives with the same drive or quality of sound as Thorens.

    Thorens 125th Anniversary LP

    A Review on Thorens Turntables: What the Community Has to Say

    Although individual expert opinions have unbeatable value and reliability, nothing beats community opinion. In this section of the article, we will be looking at what the community thinks about Thorens record players and how they fare in terms of pricing, design, and sound. In particular, for this section, we have researched our findings by using a plethora of community forum-style posts from Quora, Reddit, and Stack Exchange to find out the consensus of enthusiasts such as you and me.

    Finding Consensus

    After rigorous reading through community comments, we have found out the consensus for Thorens isn’t so “general,” and the community cannot seem to find an agreement per se. However, we have seen some patterns that may help you understand what the community thinks of Thorens.

    To understand this phenomenon, let us first understand that Thorens is an old company, and as a long-running company, it is tough to create an all-successful lineup. As a result, the opinions of their old, vintage record players differ significantly, especially compared to their newer lineups.

    The Divide

    The divide in public opinion is defined when we look at their vintage record players. The vintage Thorens turntables are most often viewed as top-tier choices while also giving the ’60s and ’70s look, feel, sound, and vibe. (4)

    For the newer models, however, the consensus seems to get bleaker and bleaker. For example, a community post called their models “trash” and “expensive,” implying that their products are too expensive for their quality, or in layman’s terms, “glorified pieces of trash.” (5)

    To conclude, the community review on Thorens turntables seems to be that their vintage turntables are of high class, premium quality. In contrast, their newer ones seemed to have suffered a steep decline in quality despite having more or less similar pricing. However, the future appears to be bright for Thorens, as in 2012, they received the EISA Award “best product 2011 / 2012” for the TD 309 (one of their record players). (2)

    Questions Frequently Asked About Thorens

    Is Buying A Cheaper Old Thorens A Better Deal Than Buying More Expensive New Ones?

    Thorens TD 1600 Classical Wooden Plinth Turntable (Walnut)

    Definitely! Especially if the “older” Thorens record player is a vintage one, it is a no-brainer to buy the older one, albeit sparing money for some possible needed upgrades. 

    Is Thorens German?

    Yes and no. Originally, Thorens was a Swiss company. However, due to debts, they were absorbed by a German company by the year 2000.

    What Is An Audiophile?

    An audiophile is a person that has an exemplified interest in audio equipment, most especially the high-fidelity ones. Most of them seek to experience the raw live performance under reproduced methods through analog means such as vinyl and digital lossless, primarily through .flac files.

    Audiophiles most often obsess on speakers, headphones, turntables, and more. Unfortunately, the regular folk does not fully appreciate most audiophile equipment, as some can be pretty expensive with diminishing gains. To the audiophile, however, these incremental improvements can be worth it.

    Sources

    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorens
    2. https://www.whathifi.com/thorens/td-203/review
    3. https://parttimeaudiophile.com/2020/10/23/thorens-td-1601-turntable-review/
    4. https://www.reddit.com/r/vinyl/comments/5zvlbz/does_anyone_here_have_experience_with_the_modern/
    5. https://www.reddit.com/r/vinyl/comments/gpgcx/thinking_of_getting_this_thorens_td150_as_my/

  • 10 Best Turntables Under $250

    10 Best Turntables Under $250

    It seems like you only hear about two kinds of record turntables. There’s the vintage model you come across in a thrift store. It’s pretty battered on the outside and only costs a couple bucks. There’s a 50-50 chance that it sings like an angel… or screeches like the lead in a Hair Metal band.

    On the other hand, there’s that sleek modern machine advertised with all the accessories and smart capabilities you could dream of. You’ve been drooling over it for a while now… but it costs two months’ rent.

    There’s some good news here. Thanks to the resurgence in vinyl’s popularity, you don’t need to break the bank or risk your eardrums. The market has some quality record players at a decent price, if you know where to look. All of the devices on this list have 33 and 45 RPM capability. Many of them also include the same features as top-end turntables, like:

    • Bluetooth compatibility
    • upgradeable cartridges and other components
    • curved S-type tonearms
    • automatic operation
    • vibration-dampening design
    • gain controls
    • anti-skate systems
    • a variety of aesthetics, from playfully retro to classic wood to sleek metal

    What’s the catch? If you’ve gotten bit by the vinyl bug, you probably want it all. For under $250, you’ll probably need to pick your priorities and let a few extra features go. That’s why this isn’t a Top Ten-style list that ends on the absolute ‘best record player under 250’. However, there’s a good chance that you’ll find the best turntable under 250 for you somewhere down below.

    The record players on this list were drawn from a variety of review sites. Some were more tech-oriented, focusing on advanced features and fine-tuned control.  Others focused more on beginner-friendly options that were durable and easy to operate.  I took a look at buyers’ reviews as well to get some insight on real user experiences.  Finally, I chose a mix of devices to cater to every kind of user.  In the list below, you’ll find recommendations for everyone from beginners who just want to play their favorite records to techies itching to fiddle with the controls and get that perfect sound.  Let’s take a look.

    10 of the Best Turntables for Under $250

    U-Turn Orbit Basic

    U-Turn Audio - Orbit Plus Turntable (Black)

    Best for: Vinyl beginners willing to save a little by learning manual controls.

    U-Turn designed the Orbit for beginners who’ve gotten a taste for vinyl but don’t want to break the bank. You won’t see all the high end features here or a lot of automatic controls. What are you getting instead?  A simple set up, manual operation, and the option to upgrade certain components in the future. Overall, the U-Turn Orbit Basic incorporates a quality build with great sound for your investment.

    As we mentioned, the turntable’s manual. Users need to set the needle by hand. You also need to manually adjust between 33 and 45 RPM speeds. This can take a little practice and may be difficult for people with poor grip strength or finger dexterity. The advantage of manual over automatic is price, and there’s one less component that might get damaged and need replacing.

    The U-Turn uses a midrange cartridge with a conical diamond stylus. This can be upgraded later, if you’re interested. The cheapest version of the Orbit doesn’t have a preamp, but you can find the model with this feature and still fall within the budget for this list.

    Features:

    • a precision OA2 gimbal tonearm
    • Audio-Technica AT91B cartridge
    • adjustable counterweight
    • low-noise motor
    • powdercoated MDF acrylic platter for clearer playback
    • a cue lever, available separately

     

    1byone High Fidelity Belt Drive Turntable

    1 BY ONE High Fidelity Belt Drive Turntable with Built-in Speakers, Vinyl Record Player with Magnetic Cartridge, Wireless Playback and Aux-in Functionality, Auto Off

    Best for: People looking for an easy-to-use device that’s compatible with even complex music systems.

    1byone’s High Fidelity Turntable is compact and unobtrusive, keeping the focus on the music. At just 7 ½ inches high and a touch over 17 inches wide, it’s also a great space saver.  You’ll be able to slot the record player into your media tower or the corner of your desk without sacrificing another part of your sound system.

    1byone isn’t marketing this as a turntable so much as an all-in-one music system. In today’s world, that means Bluetooth compatibility. You’ll be able to go analog with your records and then transition smoothly to streaming music from your phone, PC, or other compatible devices. However, that has a limit as the Bluetooth connectivity is input only. You can connect it with devices like tablets but not Bluetooth speakers. On the plus side, the High Fidelity also features an AUX input, addingflexibility to your music setup.

     

    1 BY ONE High Fidelity Belt Drive Turntable with Built-in Speakers, Vinyl Record Player with Magnetic Cartridge, Wireless Playback and Aux-in Functionality, Auto Off

     

    Features:

    • manual start
    • switches for pitch correction and shifting speed
    • a universal head shell
    • diamond-tipped MM Phono Audio-Technica stylus
    • adjustable counterweight
    • manual start
    • built-in preamp
    • analog Phono and Line outputs
    • Bluetooth

    Fluance RT81

    Best for: Users who are willing to give up some features for a machine that doesn’t cut corners on quality. Fluance RT81 Elite High Fidelity Vinyl Turntable Record Player with Audio Technica AT95E Cartridge, Belt Drive, Built-in Preamp, Adjustable Counterweight, Solid Wood Plinth - Walnut

    Fluance is one of the bigger names at this price point, so it was tricky to narrow the options down. Their RT81 turntable rises to the top of the pack by offering a solid and usable set of features at a reasonable price.

    The appearance may be a little on the plain side, but every part of it was designed with function in mind. First of all, this record player has a real wood plinth, not veneer. Who cares?  Well, the combination of solid wood and sound isolation feet dampens vibrations throughout the machine. This helps the needle transmit a more accurate sound. Meanwhile, the aluminum platter is lightweight yet sturdy. This helps it keep a steady pace and further reduces the vibration.

    Fluance is offering an upgraded elliptical stylus as well as a curved S-type tonearm. The curve, plus 2.0 grams of tracking force, doesn’t just echo the sleek design of more expensive turntables. It also increases accurate music tracking by keeping the needle centered in the groove. There are semi-automatic controls for the tonearm. You get a switch to engage or disable auto-stop, but no auto-return.

    Features:

    • built-in Texas Instruments pre-amp Fluance RT81 Elite High Fidelity Vinyl Turntable Record Player with Audio Technica AT95E Cartridge, Belt Drive, Built-in Preamp, Adjustable Counterweight, Solid Wood Plinth - Walnut
    • gold-plated RCA line to protect sound quality
    • a pre-balanced and adjustable counterweight
    • an advanced anti-skate system
    • reverb-controlling rubber slip mat
    • AC power adapter for 100V and 240V

    Crosley C100 Belt-Drive Turntable

    Best for: Those who want a modern aesthetic with modern tech as they enjoy classic sound.

    Instead of the usual understated fare and dark woods on the list, Crosley’s C100 has a sleek and modern design incorporating bright aluminum, black accents, and an S-shaped tonearm. It’s a departure for this list and for Crosley itself. The brand used to stick to a retro-replica aesthetic and suitcase style machines. Crosley C100A-SI Belt-Drive Turntable with S-Shaped Tone Arm with Adjustable Counterweight, Silver

    However, the C100 isn’t just good looking. It’s also highly adjustable and customizable. The adjustments give you a lot of control over your final sound. Meanwhile, customization options mean that the device can be grown into as you upgrade features along the way.

    This turntable gives you stop-start controls and an adjustable strobe pitch. The arm itself offers a lockable rest, height adjustment, a counterweight, and hydraulic lift control. All of this is calibrated to keep the needle in position and reducing skipping. This means moment by moment control for people with turntable experience. Raw beginners may have a bit of a learning curve as they learn how to coax out the best analog sound.

    However, it isn’t the most feature-heavy item here. There’s no Bluetooth receiver, which somewhat limits your setup options.

    Features:

    • AT3600L cartridge and NP5 needle
    • adjustable counterweights
    • a preamp ready to plug and play
    • detachable RCA output cables
    • felt slip mat
    • die-cast aluminum platter

    Sony PS-LX310BT

    Sony PS-LX310BT Belt Drive Turntable: Fully Automatic Wireless Vinyl Record Player with Bluetooth and USB Output Black

    Best for: Those with the space for a large, solidly built machine that offers quite a bit of audio control.

    The Sony PS-LX310BT belt drive turntable is heavier and has a larger footprint than many on the list. It’ll take up more space in your media center or audio tower. On the plus side, this size and mass can help keep vibrations to a minimum.

    You’ll be able to fine tune your audio experience with a smartly thought out control scheme, no manual fumbling involved. This includes switches to adjust the speed, accommodate 7” and 12” records, and lift and lower the needle.

    The PS-LX310BT has a preamp like many others here. It stands out from the competition by featuring three gain control settings. For added versatility, you can also switch the preamp off and connect to other devices with Bluetooth.

    Always wanted to digitize your vinyl collection? This turntable can connect to your PC via its USB port. You can use this to record digital files. If that’s a priority for you, check the specifications carefully to make sure your system’s compatible.

    Features:

    • Sony PS-LX310BT Belt Drive Turntable: Fully Automatic Wireless Vinyl Record Player with Bluetooth and USB Output Blackeasy-to-replace cartridge and stylus
    • toggle for speed control
    • a built in preamp
    • one-step audio playback
    • a thick dust cover
    • Phono and line output

    House of Marley Stir It Up Wireless Turntable

    House of Marley Stir It Up Wireless Turntable: Vinyl Record Player with Wireless Bluetooth Connectivity, 2 Speed Belt, Built-in Pre-Amp, and Sustainable Materials

    Best for: People who want an eco-friendly device with a rustic look.

    There’s a growing concern about the environmental impact of the electronic gadgets we love so much. People are looking for that middle ground between enjoying their favorite hobbies while minimizing their carbon footprint. House of Marley’s Stir It Up is a record player designed to fit neatly in that market space.

    This turntable is crafted from multiple sustainable and eco-friendly materials. House of Marley uses bamboo for the wood top. This highly sustainable source of wood offers an elegant natural grain, a clean look, and visual warmth. Here, bamboo is paired with recycled fabric, a solid aluminum platter, and a slipmat of recycled silicone. The Stir It Up turntable has a simple, brighter presence than the dark hardwood or polished steel bricks of some devices. This makes it a comfortable fit for more rustic or casual homes.

    It may seem homey, but this record player offers users a host of modern features. There’s a preamp, making it a snap to integrate with speakers and stream to other devices. The base model doesn’t have Bluetooth, but you can get an upgraded model with pairing capability. You can also take advantage of its USB port to back up your favorite albums on your PC or MAC. This uses Audacity as the recording software. You may want to check out our review of the AT-LP60 (see below) for device compatibility.

    Features:

    • Audio-Technica MM ATN3600L stylus with replaceable cartridge
    • adjustable counter balance
    • volume control
    • a switch for shifting playback speed
    • belt drive with auto start and stop
    • multiple options for connectivity
    • RCA and Phono line

    Audio-Technica AT-LP60

    Audio-Technica AT-LP60-USB Fully Automatic Belt-Drive Stereo Turntable (USB & Analog), Silver

    Best for: Vinyl enthusiasts with some technical knowledge, looking for a feature-rich device on a budget.

    Looks-wise, the AT-LP60 is not that impressive. It’s a simple black and grey with boxy lines and a plastic frame. So what’s it doing on this list?

    You may be giving up a certain style factor, but in return you’ll be gaining a record player with many of the bells and whistles of more advanced and expensive models. It gives you a lot of direct control, with 33/45 RPM toggle, start and stop, and buttons and switches to precisely position the tonearm at the start of the single or album.

    Complete newbies might be overwhelmed by this array of controls. Audiophiles with more experience will appreciate the convenience.

    Looking to connect your Audio-Technica record player with the rest of your setup? There’s a built-in preamp that’s compatible with powered speakers. You can also connect via RCA cables to your stereo, or through the USB to your computer.

    You can use the AT-LP60’s USB connection to make high quality backups on your computer… maybe. The system requirements are fairly basic: a PC or Mac with a USB port of USB 1.1 or higher, running OS X 10.1, Windows 98, or later versions. Most computers have that. The included software itself, Audacity, has been somewhat fiddly for reviewers to use. Backing up music on this device may be better suited for tech-minded people who are already passingly familiar with Audacity.

    Note that you’ll need a CD-R or CD-RW drive for burning the files onto the CD. If your computer doesn’t have one (nowadays, many laptops don’t), you can get a portable CD-R drive and plug it into a second USB port.

    Features:

    • dual magnet ATN3600 cartridge with a replaceable needle
    • a 7” adapter
    • fully automatic belt drive
    • compatible with Mac and PC
    • aluminum platter that dampens resonance and vibration
    • 120V AC only

    Audio-Technica AT-LP60X

    Audio-Technica AT-LP60X-BK Fully Automatic Belt-Drive Stereo Turntable, Black, Hi-Fi, 2 Speed, Dust Cover, Anti-Resonance, Die-Cast Aluminum Platter

    Best for: Users who liked the specs on the Audio-Technica LP60 but want crisper sound.

    Audio-Technica earns another spot on this list with the AT-LP60X. This is technically a newer model of the LP60 that we already covered. However, it isn’t so much an across-the-board upgrade as it is a moderate redesign.

    You’re getting a budget, fully automatic turntable that offers quality sound. The LP60X has many of the same features of the LP60 including:

    • built-in preamp for your powered speakers
    • fully automatic playback with play, stop, and autostop capability
    • multiple switches for device control
    • quality components
    • USB output and Audacity software for archiving your discs to the computer
    • compatibility with 7” and 12” discs

    So what’s different? Audio-Technica has made a number of tweaks to improve the sound experience. The tonearm was redesigned with a new headshell and base to improve needle tracking and reduce vibration. The power cord includes an AC adapter that reduces possible interference. The cable output has been switched from non-removable RCA to removable AUX, allowing you to upgrade the cable or replace it if it gets worn.

    Can a casual ear tell the difference between this and the earlier model? It’s hard to say. Both devices are solid in the mid-range and have decent bass. True beginners may want to choose whichever unit is on sale at the time. People with a trained ear may benefit from the LP60X’s audio fine-tuning.

    The overall look has also gotten an overhaul. The compact design has been squared off a bit. It comes in a choice of classy colors. Overall, it has a more subtle look that would be right at home with other electronic devices. This turntable will fit easily into smaller setups and tight gaps in the media tower.

    Features:

    • upgradeable line and phono outputs
    • adapter for RCA cable

    Pro-Ject Primary E

    Best for: People willing to sacrifice bells and whistles for a quality build that will last for years.

    Pro-Ject has earned a solid reputation on the market with their midrange devices. However, they’ve also dipped their toes into the more budget friendly edge of the scale. The Pro-Ject Primary E is a great introduction to the brand. It’s also a good choice for people who may work up to more expensive record players.

    The Primary E doesn’t offer USB recording. It doesn’t have a built-in phono stage. What it does have is a seriously sturdy build and quality components. These all tie together to create great sound without the hassle of a finicky setup and multiple buttons and switches.

    This device’s overall look is understated. It has a simple top in solid colors, available in white, red, or black. This keeps the focus on the record itself. Note that this unit is designed with three feet, and some users have struggled to keep it stable.

    Features:

    • Ortofon OM cartridge pre-set with tracking force and anti-skate
    • tonearm with durable sapphire bearings to improve needle tracking
    • Made in Europe with a 230V motor
    • acrylic lid and felt mat
    • manual speed control
    • gold-plated RCA Phono cable
    • 7” singles adapter
    • stylus pressure gauge

     

    Lenko L-85

    Best for: Those looking for user-friendly operation in a budget-friendly package.

    The Lenko L-85 has had a polarizing entry into the budget-friendly turntable market. It is lightweight and includes a lot of plastic. It’s available in a variety of vivid colors that might be at home among Crayola crayons. The rounded appearance has been compared to old-timey school lunch boxes. In short, if you love the classic elegance of hardwood and aluminum, look elsewhere on this list.

    However, the Lenko L-85 is a great choice for the right user. This petite record player is one of the most affordable we cover. It also offers a very user-friendly music experience. The turntable is essentially plug and play. Buyers can be enjoying their favorite vinyl within minutes of unboxing. It may not have the crispest sound, but it handles voices and the midrange well.

    This is a semi-automatic device with a built in phono stage. You can get started right away with the RCA cables and a stereo amp. Sadly, your other devices will languish because it doesn’t offer Bluetooth. As a pleasant surprise, there is an included USB port. That’s a feature missing from some turntables twice the price.

    Features:

    • integrated stereo preamp
    • USB port
    • MM cartridges
    • mechanical arm lift
    • auto return
    • removable plastic dust cover

     

  • New Vinyl Records Vs. Old: Which Is Better?

    New Vinyl Records Vs. Old: Which Is Better?

    There is no denying that vinyl records are back in the mainstream. There are now new models of vinyl records to allow people to have a nostalgic music experience. But because old and new vinyl records are popular again, it prompted a debate, “Which is better between new and old vinyl records?”

    Vinyl records that came out in the 70s, 80s, and early 90s are better than the new ones. While new re-presses work pretty well, the difference lies in the audio quality and volume. Meanwhile, some new ones have crackles, affecting the sound that they produce.

    Some people think that new versions of vinyl records are better. However, some aspects still make vintage ones the best among the vinyl record industry.

    Which Is Better Between New And Old Vinyl Records?

    Graham Jones, the man who wrote The Vinyl Revival and the Shops that Made it Happen, explained vinyl resurgence. He said that it is more expensive to purchase re-releases today because manufacturers pressed vinyl in the ‘70s in quantities of over 5,000.

    On the other hand, the music industry only presses approximately 1,000 vinyl records, causing them to cost more than the old ones.

    Which Is Better Between New And Old Vinyl Records?

    Additionally, the materials used affect the price. Vinyl records released in the ‘80s consist of recycled materials, while new ones are made of virgin vinyl.

    The difference in materials used makes the two records sound different, too. With that said, it is easy to conclude that new vinyl records are better than the old ones.

    But it is not as simple as that. While new records use higher quality materials than old ones, people still perceive vintage vinyl records to be of higher quality. The production, mixing, and mastering methods of producing these records explain why old vinyl records are still better.

    With new vinyl records, you will sometimes hear crackles and other sound interruptions like distortion. The reason behind these weird noises lay in the manufacturing process.

    It is common knowledge that it takes effort to make vinyl sound good. But in the past, this job was more straightforward as manufacturers exerted effort on behalf of the listeners.

    Additionally, vinyl is not plug-and-play. It would be best if you learned a lot about setting it up to ensure that it will produce excellent sound.

    Some vinyl records are also mastered differently from old records. It is very rare for manufacturers of new records to mix them down analog to tape. Shipping to a record pressing plant is also very rare for these records to be shipped to a record pressing plant.

    While some plants can cut down from tape, many new records recorded from analog to tape were mixed as digital files for mastering and pressing.

    Why Are Old Vinyl Records Better Than New Ones?

    While new vinyl records are made of higher quality virgin vinyl, many collectors still prefer vintage records. Immediately, you will see that the appeal of new vinyl records is that you will get a pristine copy of your favorite music. Still, collectors and audiophiles prefer vintage vinyl records for a variety of reasons.

    1. Availability

    Sometimes, people collect vintage vinyl records due to a matter of availability. While there are many modern records, they cannot represent what audiophiles and music collectors might be looking for.

    It can be challenging to purchase vintage records right now. If you find one, it can be very expensive. For this reason, collectors buy vintage vinyl records because that is their only opportunity to buy that music in vinyl record format.

    1. Various Versions

    Right now, a surprising number of classic albums are available in LP format. However, not all of them are available in every different version they may have been available back then.

    For instance, vinyl records launched between 1958 and 1968 were usually available in both stereo and mono. Meanwhile, records released in the early and mid-1970s were available as four-channel quadrophonic pressings.

    Moreover, stereo and mono versions of the same album usually differ in terms of mixes. They also sounded a lot different from each other. For instance, mono versions might lack the backing vocals that the stereo version has.

    1. Different Or Better Artwork

    Another reason why a lot of people prefer vintage vinyl records is that their album art is better or different from the modern ones. Of course, a vinyl record is larger than a compact disk. For this reason, it has better and larger artwork. In fact, digital music sometimes does not come with album art at all.

    Apart from that, there are other reasons why vinyl records are better than new pressings when it comes to artwork.

    When an artwork gets created and stored in a file cabinet, there are times when that artwork will get misplaced or destroyed accidentally. As a result, manufacturers have no choice but to create another artwork using an existing album as a source.

    That said, the new artwork may end up with the wrong color and blurrier images compared to the original.

    Moreover, vintage vinyl record collectors often look for records with original artwork as they are better than re-created ones. In addition, the thought of having a record that has original album art seems to be satisfying for these collectors. Such is especially true now that vintage vinyl records are a little challenging to find.

    The Comeback Of Vinyl Records

    Despite the popularity of digital music sources like Apple Music, Spotify, and iTunes, the traditional medium saw resurgences. In 2020, sales of vinyl records saw a significant increase, leaving behind CDs, cassette tapes, and MP3 players.

    True enough, people associate vinyl records with middle-aged people. Still, the music industry witnessed that the driving force behind vinyl resurgence is actually Gen Z and millennial consumers. In fact, nearly half of the people who purchase vinyl records are under 35 years old.

    Considering the technological advances that the music industry now has, vinyl records should have been extinct way back then. But why are people drawn to traditional records when digital streaming is so easy and convenient?

    1. Personal Experience

    With streaming services, people can get what they want, whenever and wherever they are. However, some people feel digital music can never compete with the authentic music experience that vinyl records offer.

    For many people, putting a vinyl record on a turntable and listening to it is a more personal experience than listening to music from a digital platform.

    In addition, the quality of sound is a huge topic in terms of vinyl records. A lot of audiophiles think that analog sound vinyl is more superior to modern digital audio. Such is especially true when it comes to compressed formats that streaming platforms use.

    Moreover, there is a belief that old analog audio is warmer and fuller than digital music in terms of sound. 

    1. Vinyl Records Are Tangible

    Digital music provides listeners with almost everything except for one thing – ownership. When playing music from digital platforms, you do not own those songs.

    Meanwhile, vinyl records are physical items that you can own, hold using your hands, and collect. Therefore, records provide tangibles, which you can see and hold anytime you want to.

    1. Sound Quality

    Many people think that the old analog audio that vinyl records provide is better than digital audio. Of course, better digital playback formats, such as Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC), are available. However, you will have to search them out particularly and may cost more.

    On the other hand, vinyl is always available from local record stores and online sellers.

    Sources

    1. David Greenwald, Does Vinyl Really Sound Better? An Engineer Explains, Oregon Live, https://www.oregonlive.com/music/2014/11/does_vinyl_really_sound_better.html/ Accessed July 28, 2021. 
    2. Why Some Vinyl Records Sound Better Than Others – Explained, Record Player Expert, https://recordplayerexpert.com/why-some-vinyl-records-sound-better/#Original_Master_Recording_-_Analog_Tape_vs_Digital/ Accessed July 28, 2021.
    3. Maria Vole, Why Is Vinyl Making A Comeback?, Readers Digest, https://www.readersdigest.co.uk/culture/music/why-is-vinyl-making-a-comeback/ Accessed July 28, 2021.
    4. Vintage Vinyl Records – 9 Reasons Why Collectors Like Them, Rare Records.Net, https://www.rarerecords.net/record-info/vintage-vinyl-records/#sound/ Accessed July 28, 2021.
  • Do Record Changers Damage Vinyl Records? We Find Out

    Do Record Changers Damage Vinyl Records? We Find Out

    A record changer is a device that automatically changes your vinyl records so you can play various phonographs without user intervention. They first came out during the late 1920s but were only common until the 1980s. They gradually became rarer because they believed that using these devices can wear, tear, and warp vinyl records. 

    Automatic record changers can really damage your record. The reason is that these changers drop the vinyl record a little carelessly when it is time to replace the record. The stacked vinyl records can also grind against each other, damaging their surfaces.

    To know how record changers damage your vinyl records, you also need to understand how they work.

    How Do Record Changers Ruin Your Vinyl Records?

    Most of the time, the mechanisms of record changers are complicated. They hold a stack of vinyl records placed on an extended central spindle. An arm then supports the spindle.

    In addition, some units have feelers responsible for detecting the sizes of the records stacked on them.

    Once the turntable finished playing a vinyl record, the arm moves out to clear the way, and then the next vinyl record will drop. While using this mechanism can be convenient, the way it drops the records can cause warping in the long run.

    Also, since the vinyl records are stacked on top of each other, their surfaces can acquire scratches. These damages on your vinyl records can damage and render them useless.

    Audiophiles spurned record changers because they noticed a compromise in reliability in these machines. The reason is that the tonearm changes its angle depending on the height of the stack. Vinyl collectors were also concerned about the rough treatment of record changers on discs.

    Apart from scratches and warping, the change in the angle of the tonearm results in collective damage to the records’ spindle holes. Still, this damage results from dropping the vinyl from a height of a few inches going to the stack or record below the turntable platter.

    How Do Vinyl Records Work In An Automatic Record Changer?

    As mentioned, automatic record changers drop your vinyl record into the platter. For the records to play in the correct sequence, the numbering of the front and back is different. For instance, if you have four vinyl records, the sides are numbered 1 and 8, 2 and 7, 3 and 6, and 4 and 5, respectively.

    This sequencing method is popular as “automatic sequencing,” “auto-coupling,” or “changer sequencing.” Vinyl manufacturers record using this format during the pre-LP days, concertos, original cast albums, and classical symphonies.

    In addition, manufacturers designed this drop automatic sequence for record changers. This way, the machine simply dropped records instead of reversing the stack for it to play in sequence.

    On the other hand, there are also record changers that are capable of reversing the record stack automatically. That includes the record changers manufactured by RCA and GE in the 1930s.

    These units kept the vinyl records stacked on top of each other. Once the turntable finished playing a record, the changer slid it to the other side of the stack. This mechanism became famous as the “slide-automatic sequence.”

    Dust, Scratching, And Dropping: How They Damage Your Record

    Stacking vinyl records on a record changer exposed them to dust. The reason is that when people could play multiple records one after another, they tend to leave the records out of the sleeves for an extended period. As a result, the records accumulated dust.

    The more dust that came in contact between the vinyl records and the stylus, the more it produced surface noise. More than that, playing a dusty record could prematurely wear it down and damage the grooves. In time, the vinyl record was destroyed and rendered useless.

    Additionally, scratches can ruin your vinyl record and destroy its sound quality. Once a record accumulated scratches, those scratches will remain forever. When the turntable’s needle passes through those scratches, it would no longer produce high-quality audio.

    For that reason, you need to ensure that you are handling your record correctly. Unfortunately, proper handling was not something that record changers could do then.

    Finally, horizontally stacking vinyl records can warp them. The reason is that the records under the stack will carry the weight of all the vinyl records above them. As a result, the records warp and sometimes crack.

    Things That Can Damage Your Vinyl Record

    Apart from using record changers, improper handling can also ruin your vinyl records. Vinyl records are delicate things. For this reason, you need to know the things that can damage it so that you can easily avoid them.

    Using household cleaning materials for cleaning your records

    When you search on the internet for tutorials on how to clean your vinyl records, you will see a lot of suggestions. However, some of these tutorials can cause damage to your records instead of cleaning them.

    For instance, one of the most common cleaning suggestions on the internet today is to use household cleaning materials like Windex. However, the problem is that most household cleaning materials contain harsh chemicals. So, using them on your vinyl records can destroy their surfaces.

    Additionally, some people use a regular brush to remove dust from their records. But that can also scratch the surface of your record. For this reason, you should instead use an anti-static record brush when removing dust from your vinyl record.

    You may also want to read these articles that I wrote:

    Cleaning The Stylus

    Even if you are cleaning your record diligently, dust and other debris can accumulate on the stylus of your turntable. At first glance, this issue may not seem like a big deal. But in reality, the dirty stylus can lead to tracking problems such as skipping when you are playing music.

    The dirty stylus can also cause surface noise.

    Improper Handling

    When handling your records, you should only touch the label and outer edges. Touching the surface of your vinyl records will cause them to accumulate oil, grease, and dirt from your hands. Dust will stick to these oils, which will lead to stubborn surface noise.

    In addition, you can accidentally scratch your vinyl record with your fingers.

    Wrong Storage Technique

    Many vinyl owners let their records fall off as soon as they insert the edge to the record sleeve. As a result, the edge of the record warps and can destroy it in the long run. Additionally, not opening the sleeve enough will cause friction on the record and can potentially scratch it if there is any dirt or debris on the record or in the sleeve.

    Not Playing The Records Properly

    One of the worst things you can ever do to your vinyl record is finding a song manually. When you put your vinyl record on a turntable and place the needle down a random spot, chances are you will put it in the wrong groove. This mistake can lead to irreversible damage.

    So, instead of finding a song by hand, the best thing you need to do is to be patient and wait for the songs to play one by one.

    Using A T-shirt For Cleaning Your Record

    Sometimes, people feel tempted to wipe their vinyl records with their t-shirts or a soft towel. However, cloths not made for cleaning vinyl records may scratch and scuff their surface and will only move the dirt around. So, make sure that you are using a microfiber cloth every time you need to dry your vinyl record after deep cleaning them.

    Sources

    1. Technology Connections, Automatic Record Changers: We Used to Like Them, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuoFW2yAD7g/ Accessed July 29, 2021. 
    2. Record Changers, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_changer#Automatic_sequencing/ Accessed July 29, 2021.
    3. Cleaning & Caring For Your Vinyl Records, U-Turn Audio, https://uturnaudio.com/pages/cleaning-and-caring-for-your-vinyl-records#:~:text=The%20more%20dust%20that%20comes,a%20clean%20microfiber%20cloth%20instead./ Accessed July 29, 2021.
    4. 5 Best Practices You Need to Learn about Record Storage, Life Storage Blog, https://www.lifestorage.com/blog/storage/how-to-store-your-vinyl-collection-record-storage-tips/ Accessed July 29, 2021.
  • Why Cheap Turntables Can Damage Your Records

    Why Cheap Turntables Can Damage Your Records

    The past few years have seen the so-called “vinyl revival.” With the resurgence of vinyl records, budget-friendly turntables also proliferate. But how do these cheap turntables differ from high-quality, expensive ones?

    Inexpensive turntables will destroy your records. They lack a counterweight to balance the tonearm, causing its weight to rest on the record. Your vinyl record will also hang on these undersized, cheap turntables, so it bends and flexes while spinning.

    There are a lot more reasons why budget-friendly turntables can damage your records. That said, it is essential that you know what to look for when buying a turntable.

    Why Cheap Turntables Can Damage Your Records

    Back then, the only place where people can purchase a turntable was a high-end audio shop and online stores. But since vinyl records became popular again, manufacturers began to produce turntables catered to those who are on a tight budget.

    Right now, there is a lot of cheap record players in the markets. However, these turntables have low-quality parts, making them bad for your vinyl record.

    Here are the reasons why cheap turntables can cause damage to your vinyl records:

    1. Cheap Turntables Do Not Have A Counterweight

    A counterweight is a part of a record player that works to balance out the tonearm. This way, all of the cartridge tonearm’s weight will not rest on the record itself.

    Additionally, turntables should have a tracking weight — the weight at which the tonearm rests on the record. A turntable’s tracking weight should be from one to two grams. The tracking weight is also adjustable to balance the tonearm if you add a new cartridge.

    A correctly set counterweight will allow modern records to survive even after hundreds of plays. However, cheap turntables do not have a counterweight. Instead, they only use a piece of plastic to hold and balance the tonearm.

    Since there is no counterweight, low-quality turntables will grind away your vinyl records twice or trice the right tracking weight. So, after approximately ten plays, your record will begin to deteriorate.

    1. Wrong Stylus Size

    Cheap turntable styli are too large for modern 33rpm records. They are also too small for old 78rpm records. Still, manufacturers opted for such a stylus to save cost and make the final product’s market price affordable.

    If you do not want your turntable to ruin your records, you need to ensure that you are getting one with two different styles. This way, you will be able to play both 33rpm and 78rpm vinyl records.

    A lot of good turntables do not even have a 78rpm speed. The reason is that you need to make many changes to play the old format properly. The large stylus will cause the turntable to skip over your record’s groove, leading to scratches.

    1. Lack Of Anti-shake Feature

    Turntables with an anti-shake feature prevent the arm from going to the center or out of the record. If the arm tries to move in and out of a playing record, it damages one side of the groove.

    If your turntable does not have an anti-shake feature, the arm will grind away your record. Anti-shake works by keeping the stylus at the center of the group. As a result, it maximizes the quality of sound and minimizes the damage to the vinyl record.

    1. Undersized Platter

    Some cheap turntables are too small, causing the record to hang off of it. Since the tonearm is tracking extensively against the other side of the vinyl record, it causes it to flex and bend while spinning. Such a factor results in lousy sound quality and damage to the groove of the record.

    1. Built-in Speakers

    Turntables amplify the vibrations that the stylus makes while it is running on the vinyl record. Some cheap turntables have built-in speakers that work by making vibrations. The vibrations cause the record player to skip, resulting in terrible audio quality and damage to your record.

    What Makes An Excellent Record Player?

    There are many turntables in the market. So picking the best one can be a difficult task. If you do not know the features you need for a record player, you might get the wrong one.

    But one thing worth noting about turntables is that they can be expensive. At first, spending more than $1,000 for a record player can sound ludicrous. But considering the features that you can get for this price, you are definitely getting what you paid for.

    On the other hand, buying a cheap turntable is not only a waste of money but is also a way of putting your vinyl record at risk.

    For that reason, make sure that you know the features that your record player needs to have.

    Sufficient Extraction

    A good turntable should be able to extract as much information out of the grooves as possible. You may expect your record player to extract all the information from the record groove, onto the stylus, and into the cartridge, without distortion or interference. However, that is impossible in reality.

    That said, you need to get the most stable turntable possible for your vinyl record.

    Good Motors And Belts

    It is inevitable for motors to produce vibration. But high-quality turntables can minimize their degree of vibration. They do such by utilizing a belt drive.

    Moreover, a belt drive also acts as a driver for the platter apart from working as a shock absorber for the motor’s vibration.

    Vibration Reduction

    There are different factors responsible for making a record player produce excellent sound:

    • Proper stylus size
    • Counterweight
    • Vibration reduction

    While we cannot argue that these three factors are essential, turntable engineers have a primary goal of reducing the most amount of vibration that they can.

    As a result, the only vibration that high-quality record players have comes from the record groove that moves around the stylus. Such is the reason why expensive turntables sound a lot better than cheap ones.

    Perfect Plinth

    The plinth is basically the body of the turntable. This part comes in a variety of materials and shapes. If you want the best turntable in terms of isolating vibration, a double plinth is an ideal choice.

    Moreover, the different materials used for making the plinth can significantly affect the sound. The reason is that different materials mean different resonation, frequencies, and how fast or slow vibration passes through them.

    In addition, the feet where the plinth sits play a factor. The feet can aid in controlling resonance. It can also dampen the vibration coming from the cabinet that your turntable is sitting on.

    The plinth also encases the main bearing that the spindle turns on.

    With all that’s said, you should look for a plinth that perfectly isolates vibration and improves resonation.

    Good Platter Design

    Turntable engineers often use heavy materials to produce heavy platters. This way, the platter will be less prone to being disturbed by vibration. Apart from that, it will also have inertia on its side.

    Heavy platter generally rotates to a speed that you set without it being too fast or too slow. On the other hand, lightweight platters tend to slow down pretty quickly.

    Moreover, some turntables feature a platter mat. This mat helps in reducing vibrations. It is essential to have something for vibration control so that it will not pass up into the record and reduce the sound quality produced.

    Furthermore, high-quality turntables have a platter and plinth designed to negate the need for a platter mat.

    Sources

    1. Stephen Nelson-Smith, Just Say No! Why Cheap Turntables Destroy Your Records, Audio Advent, https://audio-advent.ghost.io/why-cheap-turntables-destroy-your-records/ July 27, 2021. 
    2. Will A Cheap Turntable Damage Your Records?, Audio Appraisal, https://www.audioappraisal.com/will-a-cheap-turntable-damage-your-records/ July 27, 2021.  
    3. AJ Powell, Why Pay $1,000 for a Turntable?, Gear Patrol, https://www.gearpatrol.com/tech/a264002/how-a-good-turntable-works/ July 27, 2021. 
  • How Many Times Can A Vinyl Record Be Played?

    How Many Times Can A Vinyl Record Be Played?

    Nothing can compare with how delicate vinyl records are. In fact, its lifespan will end no matter how much you take care of it. It leads us to the question – how many times can you play a vinyl record?

    If you are taking care of your vinyl record well, you can play it over 100 times. But you will notice minor degradation in terms of sound. Still, you can play your record many times, depending on how well you take care of it.

    Vinyl records have a lifespan. For this reason, you need to know the factors that influence how long a record will last.

    How Many Plays Can A Vinyl Record Do?

    The world relies on digital technology today. So, it is not surprising that not everyone is familiar with old-school vinyl records. But recently, it seems like this vintage predecessor of CDs is making a comeback.

    On the other hand, you may be someone who collects vinyl records and display them on your shelf.

    But regardless of which way you lean, there is a chance that you do not entirely understand how vinyl records work.

    Moreover, one of the most common questions about vinyl records is how many times you can play them. The answer depends on how well you take care of them.

    If you take care of your vinyl record well, you can play it more than 100 times. However, it is essential to note that there will still be some minor degradation when it comes to the audio. On the other hand, a vinyl record that is poorly taken care of can be damaged in only one play.

    Even the slightest scratch can cause your vinyl record to skip when playing. Additionally, touching its surface with your bare hands can cause the record to accumulate dust, which can also destroy your record.

    That said, you need to properly take care of your record if you want it to last. Taking care of a record includes cleaning the record, proper storage, and correct usage.

    When cleaning your vinyl record, you should only use products, such as anti-static record brush and record cleaner, mainly made for it. If you use products with harsh chemicals, chances are you will scratch its surface. As a result, the number of plays that your record can do will decrease.

    Meanwhile, proper storage and usage include storing your record in its sleeve after using it. When placing your record on a turntable, put it carefully to ensure that no warping will happen.

    If you know how to handle your record properly, your record will last for up to a hundred plays. But if you are careless, you will destroy your vinyl record sooner than its expected lifespan.

    Factors That Affect The Lifespan Of Your Record

    Vinyl records consist of polyvinyl chloride. This material is proven to last for a very long time. But no matter how strong this material is, several factors can affect how long it will last.

    Cleaning Method

    Regularly cleaning your record is a crucial factor in terms of its longevity. You need to keep your record free of any dirt, fingerprint, and dust. This way, you will be able to preserve the highest possible quality.

    The grooves of a vinyl record are delicate. So, any dust, dirt, or foreign object that gets stuck within these ridges will significantly impact the record’s playback and sound quality.

    When there is a speck of dirt or dust buildup on record grooves, the vinyl record will start to skip while playing. 

    Additionally, your fingerprints are another factor that can render your record useless. If transferred on the surface of your vinyl record, the natural oil produced by your fingers can attract a lot of dirt. The dirt will then settle on the surface and grooves of your records, which results in scratching.

    Sunlight Exposure

    One of the most common factors that influence a vinyl record’s lifespan is its exposure to sunlight. Exposure to sunlight for a long time will result in high temperatures, something that your vinyl record cannot tolerate. The increase in temperature will cause your record to warp and distort.

    Moreover, polyvinyl chloride can only withstand a temperature of up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. If the heat exceeds this temperature, the vinyl record will lose its resilience. Such will end up in deformation.

    You can reverse the warpage if it is minor. However, you cannot expect the record to have the best sound quality still.

    Humidity

    In order for you to preserve your record, you should store them in places with proper conditions. This way, they will not deprecate or tarnish.

    When storing a vinyl record, humidity is one of the significant factors that you need to look at. It is important to note that too much humidity can destroy the quality of your vinyl record.

    Humidity results in a static charge, and if your record is positively charged, it will attract a lot of dust and dirt. An anti-static record brush can reverse the positive charge. But if you keep on storing your record in places with 45 to 50 percent humidity, it will be a challenge to maintain static-free storage for your vinyl records.

    The problem for some people is that they live in cities with a naturally high humidity level. This factor is something that is out of control. Fortunately, there is one thing you can do to resolve it.

    If you live in places with high humidity levels, such as in the South, you can use a dehumidifier in the space where you are storing your records. This way, you will be able to manage humidity levels. As a result, you will be able to reduce static charge and preserve the quality of your vinyl record.

    Storing Your Records Improperly

    Properly storing your records is essential. It would be best if you placed them on your shelf or box vertically instead of horizontally. If you stack them horizontally, you will end up decreasing the quality of your vinyl records.

    Placing your records on top of each other will create pressure. This factor can result in warpage on your vinyl record, which will destroy it entirely. Additionally, the pressure built up due to horizontal stacking will crack your record, a type of damage that is entirely irreversible.

    Moreover, several methods will allow you to fix your warped vinyl record. Preventing such damage is still better than fixing it.

    For that reason, store your vinyl records vertically and make sure that nothing will cause pressure buildup on them.

    You may also be interested in this article:

    Can Records Be Stored Horizontally?

    Using A Cheap Turntable

    If you are planning to start a vinyl record collection, you should know that you need to pay a reasonable amount for a high-quality vinyl record. Never settle for inexpensive record players, as most of them have low quality and will end up ruining your vinyl.

    So, it would be best if you were willing to spend at least $1,000 on your turntable. A high-quality record player will allow you to play your vinyl record multiple times without worrying that it might get damaged.

    On the other hand, cheap turntables are often undersized and lack some features. For instance, it does not have a counterweight, so you cannot adjust the weight that the tonearm puts on the record. And since these turntables are undersized, records often hang on one side, causing unnecessary movements once you turn the machine on.

    Sources

    1. Steve Guttenberg, Do vinyl LPs wear out? The Audiophiliac takes on that myth, Cnet.Com, https://www.cnet.com/tech/home-entertainment/do-vinyl-lps-wear-out-well-bust-that-myth/ Accessed, July 30, 2021. 
    2. How Do Vinyl Records Work?, Victrola, https://victrola.com/blogs/articles/how-do-vinyl-records-work/ July 30, 2021.
    3. How Long Do Vinyl Records Last?, Victrola, https://victrola.com/blogs/articles/how-long-do-vinyl-records-last/ July 30, 2021.
  • Why You Shouldn’t Leave A Record On The Turntable

    Why You Shouldn’t Leave A Record On The Turntable

    Vinyl records require a lot of maintenance if you want them to provide you with the best sound quality. However, people sometimes leave them on the turntable so that they will not need to position it again once they want to play music. While that sounds convenient, what you don’t know is that it can damage your vinyl record.

    Leaving your record out of its sleeve will or on the turntable will expose it to dirt and dust. It will also increase the risk of damaging the record’s surface. In the long run, the sound quality of your vinyl record will degrade until you can no longer use it.

    Apart from leaving your vinyl record on the turntable, other things can ruin it. Fortunately, you can take several steps to keep the integrity of your record.

    Leaving Your Record On The Turntable: Is It Bad?

    If you want to get the best possible audio quality from your vinyl record, you need to exert a significant amount of discipline. Unlike digital music that does not require any maintenance, vinyl records need lots of time and care to remain in their best state.

    If you are new to collecting vinyl records, you may have tried leaving it on the turntable, so you can simply play it whenever you want to. But as good as that sounds, leaving your record on the turntable while it is not in use can ruin it.

    Ideally, the only time you can keep your record out of its sleeve is while using it. If you leave it on the platter or for an extended period, you are exposing the vinyl record to dirt and dust. Leaving the record on the turntable often will increase the risk of damaging its surface.

    Even if your turntable has a dust cover, leaving the record on the platter when not in use is still not ideal. A vinyl record sleeve or jacket is there for a reason, and that is to protect your record. So, make sure that you put your vinyl record in it the moment you are done playing some good music.

    Bad Habits That Damage Your Vinyl Record

    Knowing how to clean your vinyl record is one thing. But that is only the beginning of maintaining it. Apart from cleaning, you should be aware of your habits to avoid to ensure that you are not damaging your record.

    1. Horizontally Stacking Your Records

    Horizontally storing your vinyl records on your storage shelf makes sense. However, this storage method is the most common habit that every record owner should avoid.

    Under extreme conditions, stacking your records can render them unplayable. Putting your records on top of each other will apply excess weight to those stored under the stack. That can lead to warping and permanent damage to the record sleeve.

    For that reason, store your vinyl records vertically to prevent warping caused by pressure.

    1. Touching The Surface Of Your Record

    Your hands have dirt, natural oil, and grease. Touching the vinyl record will transfer these oils and dirt to the surface. That will result in the griming build-up, and the dirt and dust that stuck to the oil your hand transferred to the record’s surface will contribute to wearing the stylus.

    To avoid damaging your vinyl record, always handle it by the outer edge. In case you touched the surface accidentally, the best thing to do is to clean it immediately.

    If you cannot avoid touching your record, use a record cleaning solution to clean your hand prior to handling.

    1. Picking Up The Record Even Before The Platter Stops

    Removing the record from the turntable even before the platter stops spinning will scratch the wax’s other side. Flipping the record as soon as you turn the turntable off to play your favorite song may sound tempting. However, your patience can go a long way in preventing any damage to your vinyl record.

    1. Carelessly Pitting The Vinyl Record Back To Its Sleeve

    Some people let their vinyl record drop as it enters the sleeve. This habit will damage not only the record but also the sleeve.

    If you let the record slip into the sleeve often, you will end up punching a hole into the bottom of the sleeve. It is also likely that you will scratch the surface of the record.

    To prevent these damages, open the sleeve wide enough. This way, you will be able to reduce contact with the vinyl record.

    1. Poor Cleaning Practice

    One thing you need to avoid when cleaning your vinyl record is using household cleaning products. Using harsh chemicals to clean your record will be the fastest way to render it useless.

    In my experience, this is one of the biggest problems people have when trying to increase the longevity of their vinyl collection.

    Vinyl records are delicate as they consist of polyvinyl chloride. Even the slightest change will cause a significant impact on the tiny grooves of the record. So, if you have no choice but to clean the record, make sure that you are aware of the proper cleaning method and the materials that you need to use.

    How To Properly Clean Your Record

    Whether your record is new or old, you need to take time to take care of it. As mentioned, the wrong cleaning practice will damage your vinyl record and reduce its audio quality. Worse, you might even destroy your record permanently if you cleaned it the wrong way.

    To prevent yourself from damaging your vinyl record, you need to be aware of the proper cleaning method that you can do.

    But before that, here are the materials that you need to use when cleaning your record:

    • Record brush
    • Cleaning solution for vinyl record
    • Microfiber or cotton cloth
    1. Use A Record Brush To Remove Static And Dust

    When removing dust particles from your vinyl record, use a brush specifically made for a vinyl record. Do some long and gentle brush strokes to ensure that you can remove dust without scratching the record’s surface.

    1. Check If The Record Has Visible Blemishes

    Inspect the surface of the vinyl record under a soft and bright light to see if there are smudges, discolorations, and fingerprints. If there are any, you will need to exert time and record to remove them. You may even have to scrub the entire record in some cases.

    If there are many smudges and fingerprints, use warm and soapy water to clean the record. Next, allow it to dry and repeat the first step.

    1. Use Spray Cleaning Solution On Parts That Need Intensive Cleaning

    Check the entire record for sections that need intensive cleaning. If you find problem areas, spray a cleaning solution directly on them. However, it would be best if you were careful not to touch the label with any liquid to prevent the epoxy from loosening.

    Additionally, use a cleaning solution specifically made for vinyl records. Avoid using household cleaning solutions as the harsh chemicals in them can damage the record’s delicate surface.

    1. Wipe The Record Clean With A Microfiber Cloth

    After applying a cleaning solution on the record’s surface, wipe it in a circular motion using cotton or a microfiber cloth. Apply pressure to rub away the blemishes.

    Again, avoid touching the label to prevent any damage and discoloration.

    1. Store The Vinyl Record Back To Its Sleeve

    As mentioned, open the sleeve wide enough when putting the vinyl record back to it. This way, the sleeve will not touch the record too much, preventing its surface from acquiring scratches.

    Sources

    1. Marc Henshall, Seven Bad Habits That Will Destroy Your Vinyl Records, Your Sound Matters, https://www.yoursoundmatters.com/seven-bad-habits-will-destroy-vinyl-records/ Accessed July 28, 2021.
    2. 10 Things NOT to do to Your Vinyl Records, Disco Music.Com, https://www.discomusic.com/10-things-not-to-do-to-your-vinyl-records/ Accessed July 28, 2021.
    3. James Schiff & Brandt Ranj, For The Record: How to Clean and Care for Your Vinyl Collection, https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/electronics/how-to-clean-vinyl-records-850080/ Accessed July 28, 2021.
  • Does Record Scratching Damage The Vinyl?

    Does Record Scratching Damage The Vinyl?

    Does scratching damage vinyl? Vinyl records are pretty fragile. Moreso, if you’re starting and don’t necessarily know what you’re doing. You might be concerned about whether or not scratching is good or bad for vinyl records. Let’s find out. 

    The answer is yes; scratching will damage the vinyl record. However, vinyl records will inevitably get damaged with time, even without scratching. 

    Here’s how you can slow down the damage time:

    1. Clean your hands before putting them on the vinyl record.
    2. Use wax paper to reduce any friction during scratching.
    3. Use specialized needles. 

    If you’re looking for a vinyl maintenance guide, you’re in good hands. This article will guide you on scratching, its effects, and what DJs are doing to reduce vinyl record damage. Be sure to keep reading for lots of helpful information. Let’s get this spinning!

    Does Scratching Damage Vinyl?

    As shared earlier, yes, scratching will damage your vinyl records. There are no two ways about it. Vinyl records consist of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), which translates to plastic. 

    They are thin round plastic contraptions that can generate sound with the right tools. They are prone to warping, melting, and scratching if you expose them to anti-vinyl record conditions. 

    It’s why some vinyl records can cost up to $2000. Vinyl records are fragile, and with time they do start to wear out. Scratching increases the wear-out time, but there are ways to mitigate it. Firstly, let’s get the definitions out of the way. 

    What Is Scratching?

    In my experience, when you’re playing vinyl records on an everyday basis, the stylus tends to move across the grooves on a vinyl record. However, when you position the stylus or needle in the groove, that’s called scratching. 

    DJs do this positioning to get that repetitive sound. Scratching is an art form. Not everyone can do it, and it is one of the fundamental skills of truly great DJing. However, it doesn’t take from the fact that it damages vinyl records. 

    What Do You Want From Your Vinyl Records?

    Before getting into the nit and grit of scratching, it’s best to outline the different record owners’ needs regarding their vinyl. As shared above, scratching is an art form to some and not to others. 

    1. Are you looking to get into the DJ scene? If so, you’ll need the tools such as pitch control turntables that DJs optimize for scratching. With this path, you’ll have to consider the scratch life of your vinyl records, but a damaged vinyl record will ultimately be the trade-off to the scratching. Art must persist. 
    2. Are you an audiophile looking for a high-fidelity sound production? If so, your vinyl record and turntable maintenance might be out of this world. You’re looking far from scratching into more classical vinyl record playing to get that specific result you’re looking for in your needs.  
    3. Lastly, Are you intrigued with the whole concept of vinyl records (maybe you’re just starting), and do you need a simple set-up? If so, you want some music to listen to from a turntable or record player. For you, as long as it doesn’t make noise for anyone else in your surrounding, it’s all fine and dandy. 

    It’s essential to note down what exactly you want from a turntable or a record player. Through that, you can understand where you lie on the scratching spectrum. 

    Not only that, but you can get the vinyl record equipment suited for you. It’s a win-win situation when you sit down and narrow down what exactly you want. 

    It’s like ice cream; sometimes, the fancy handmade ice cream is your forte, and other times, store-bought will do the job to get you through the summer. 

    Is It Bad To Play A Scratched Vinyl?

    Experts do not recommend playing a scratched vinyl whether you’re a DJ or either of the other two mentioned above. It will destroy your stylus or needle. You always want to care for every single part of your record player or turntable. 

    If you’ve noticed scratching sounds coming from a particular vinyl record, it’s high time to handle the situation. Fortunately, you can fix scratched records. Keep reading on how you can fix your scratched records. 

    Alternative Scratching Methods

    Thanks to the human brain and advancements in technology, there are different types of software that you can use to mimic scratching. That is if you’re looking to DJ. 

    The software comes with the entire set-up on your screen for you to recreate the scratching process. You could consider this method as training wheels because eventually, you’ll have to work with vinyl records physically, and that will take a lot of time, mistakes, and practice. No one gets it right the first time. 

    Can You Fix Scratched Vinyl Records?

    Firstly, experts do not recommend that everyone use this method. If you have a scratched record near and dear to your heart, do not try this method. If you do decide to try this method, it’s pretty, unfortunately, your responsibility. 

    If you would like to fix your scratched vinyl record, then try a wet melamine foam brush. How do you do it?

    Step 1: Clean the vinyl record first. You want to get rid of any dust or dirt on the surface of the vinyl record. Everyone has different cleaning methods, so use the method you feel gets the job done. 

    Step 2: Use either distilled or deionized water to wet the melamine foam brush. Make sure that you squeeze out any excess water. Remember your goal is to reduce any damage on the vinyl record as much as possible. 

    Step 3: Gently scrub the groove or the area where the scratch is present. Be careful with your vinyl record. They are pretty fragile. Would you please not put your back into it? A gentle scrub will do the job. 

    And voila, you’re done! Please note that this method won’t work all the time. The scratching noise may subside with time, but the odds are unfortunately not stacked in your favor. 

    The ultimate advice would be to care for your vinyl records to a T. Clean them before and after use, clean your stylus or needle, and ensure that anything that comes into contact with the vinyl record is dust or dirt-free.

    Helpful Vinyl Record FAQs 

    1. Is It That Bad To Touch A Record?

    If you’re a DJ, you will inevitably touch the vinyl record while playing. It’s part of the process. However, if you don’t have the DJing skills, it is not recommended to touch the viny record while playing. 

    You risk damaging the entire set-up and, most significantly, damaging the vinyl record to the point of no return. Keep your hands to yourself if you don’t have the skillset for it. 

    Also, make sure that when you are handling the vinyl record, your hands are clean. The goal is to ensure that any dirt or dust doesn’t get on the record’s surface. 

    2. How Bad Is An Old, Scratched Vinyl Record To A Needle Or Stylus? 

    On a scale of one to 10? Ten being the harbinger of doom? You could give it a ten. Needles are incredibly fragile, and without the needle, you wouldn’t be able to play any music from your record player.

    Please note that the sound that may come from the record may not be ideal. It would be best to set it aside. Either fix the record or get a new one. 

    3. If Some Turntable Needs Consist Of Diamond, How Come It Doesn’t Scratch The Vinyl Record?

    Manufacturers designed vinyl records to follow a specific path or track. If the needle goes off track, you best believe that it will scratch the vinyl record. So, as long as it doesn’t stay off the track, no scratches, but the results will not be pretty if it does go off track.

    Sources

    1. Jenna Miles, The Beginner’s Guide to Vinyl Records: How to Build, Maintain and Experience a Music Collection in Analogue (Massachusetts: Adams Media,2017) Accessed August 13th, 2021. 
    2. Discogs, Turntable 101: How To Set Up Your Turntable Correctly, Discogs, https://blog.discogs.com/en/how-to-setup-your-turntable/ Accessed August 13th, 2021.
    3. David, Learn how to scratch today: Top DJ scratching tips for beginners, DJiing Pro, https://djingpro.com/learn-how-to-scratch/ Accessed August 13th, 2021. 
  • The Proper Way To Take Vinyl Out Of A Sleeve

    The Proper Way To Take Vinyl Out Of A Sleeve

    How to take vinyl out of sleeve might be a no-brainer for some people. But for collectors and vinyl enthusiasts, it’s part of essential vinyl record maintenance. Here’s a step-by-step process of how to do it.

    Proper record handling is one of the basics when it comes to vinyl record maintenance. Getting your vinyl record in and out of the jacket is part of the process. Here’s how you do it:

    1. Wash your hands before touching anything.
    2. Carefully open the jacket 
    3. Pull out the inner sleeve
    4. Open the inner sleeve and let the record slide into your hand

    Not only will this article give you the proper vinyl record handling process, but it will also give you additional tips and tricks you can use along the way. You’re welcome to keep reading for more information on how to maintain your vinyl record collection.

    How To Take Vinyl Out Of Sleeves

    It’s a frequently asked question in the vinyl record community, and most people don’t get it right all the time. Fortunately for you, this article is here to assist you with a four-step process that will get the job done the right way. 

    But first things first, you have to understand the protective layers behind vinyl records. 

    The Protective Layers Of A Vinyl Record

    You must ensure that you protect every vinyl record with the following layers: 

    • The outer sleeve
    • The jacket
    • The inner sleeve 

    All three layers must be in place. It’s part of efficient vinyl record storage and handling. 

    The outer sleeve is usually a plastic sleeve that goes over the album. When you buy a new vinyl record, the vinyl records don’t come with an outer sleeve. What happens is that the manufacturers shrink-wrap them. It’s your responsibility to purchase an outer sleeve once you have removed the shrink wrap. 

    The inner sleeve is what is in direct contact with the vinyl record. You can also consider it as the sleeve that sits inside the jacket. Experts recommend using poly-lined inner sleeves. Collectors use these types of sleeves for higher-quality vinyl records. 

    However, just a plain paper sleeve should still do the job well. Please note that if you bought an old or used vinyl and the inner sleeve was absent, the previous owner did not store the record efficiently. 

    At this point, experts recommend thorough and careful inspection of the vinyl record for damages. 

    How Do You Remove Vinyl Sleeves?

    Now that that’s out the way, it’s high time to get to the article’s core, the sleeve removal process. Remember that everyone is different in how they handle their vinyl records. However, this step-by-step process is highly recommended and should help you properly maintain and handle your vinyl records.

    Here’s how you do it:

    1. Wash your hand before touching any part of the vinyl record

    Vinyl records are magnets to dirt or dust. Should you play the records while the dirt is on the surface, you could damage the record or even the stylus.

     For that reason, before you remove the sleeve, make sure that your hands are squeaky clean. In some cases, collectors will choose to handle their vinyl records using a pair of lint-free clean white gloves. 

    Kindly don’t assume that the use of gloves is going into an unconventional extra mile. If you love your vinyl records and are will to go the extra mile, knock yourself out. However, the point remains, keep it clean. If your hands aren’t clean, kindly keep your hands to yourself. 

    Tip 1: When handling the vinyl record, ensure that there’s no food or drink in its proximity. The goal is to create a surface of cleanliness. Having any food or drink on the work surface goes against that. 

    Tip 2: You must not touch the grooves on the record. You want to handle the record with as little contact to the grooves as possible. What can you touch? You can touch either the center of the record or the edge of the record. 

    The grooves are off the table. It’s just an essential tip before going into the handling of the record. 

    1. Carefully open the jacket

    First, you want to separate the jacket and the outer sleeve. It’s essential always to have these layers when storing vinyl records. In my experience, storing it in this layering format has brought many benefits to the overall upkeep of vinyl records. 

    The next thing to note is that you want to open the jacket towards you in an upward direction. You don’t want the vinyl record to drop and crash on the floor. 

    1. Pull out the inner sleeve

    Now that both the outer sleeve and the jacket are gone. It’s time to get the last protective layer of the vinyl record, the inner sleeve. 

    You want to separate the inner sleeve from the jacket. Pull it out without pulling out the record first. The keyword in this entire process is ‘carefully.’ 

    Inner sleeves come in two ways:

    • Inner sleeves that cover and protect the entire record.
    • Inner sleeves that have a hole and are parallel to the record’s label. 
    1. Open the inner sleeve and let the record slide into your hand

    Now that the inner sleeve is out of the jacket, you want to open it and let the record slide into your hand. You want to use your thumb and middle finger for this part. 

    You want to touch the center of the label with your middle finger, and the edge of the vinyl record should touch your thumb. And voila, you have successfully removed your vinyl record out of the sleeves. 

    Helpful Vinyl Record FAQs

    1.Should You Open The Record Sleeve Facing Upwards Or Outwards?

    The goal is to remove the record securely, so you want to open the record’s inner sleeve both upwards and outwards. Ensure that the opening is facing your direction. The record will slide into your hands, and you need to catch it by the edge. Remember not to touch the grooves on the vinyl record. 

    2. Should You Remove The Stickers On The Sleeves?

    It’s honestly up to you. If you want to keep the stickers, by all means, knock yourself out. If the sleeve isn’t damaged and can still protect the vinyl record, all is well.

    However, if you confuse the shrink wrap with the outer sleeve, the shrink-wrap may come with stickers; those will come off with the shrink wrap. However, some sleeves do come with stickers. But there should be a guideline from the manufacturer on how to handle that. Check their website for further information if you’re unsure. If you can’t see it right away, check the manufacturer’s FAQs or send them a direct message. 

    3. Where Do You Place Your Inner Sleeve Once You’ve Removed The Vinyl Record?

    The goal is to ensure that no speck of dirt or dust gets on the vinyl record. Before removing the vinyl record, clean the surface or area you’ll be placing the sleeves once you’ve removed them. 

    You also want to ensure that the area you’re working with isn’t next to a window or somewhere where the conditions are dust-prone and not conducive for vinyl record storage. 

    Once you’ve removed the sleeves, place them on that clean surface, and it should be fine. It should be as easy as pie as long as the vinyl record is safe and away from dust and dirt. 

    May the odds be in your favor. 

    Sources

    1. Jenna Miles, The Beginner’s Guide to Vinyl Records: How to Build, Maintain and Experience a Music Collection in Analogue (Massachusetts: Adams Media,2017) Accessed August 14th, 2021.
    2. Steven Williams, How to store vinyl records, Discogs, https://blog.discogs.com/en/how-to-store-vinyl-records/ Accessed August 4th, 2021.
    3. Record Sound and Research Center, Care, Handling, and Storage of Audio-Visual Materials, Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/preservation/care/record.html Accessed August 4th, 2021. 
    4. Vinyl Record Life, The Complete Guide to Handling Vinyl Records, Vinyl Record Life, https://www.vinylrecordlife.com/the-complete-guide-to-handling-vinyl-records-with-pictures/ Accessed August 4th, 2021. 
  • Will A Warped Record Damage The Stylus

    Will A Warped Record Damage The Stylus

    Can warped record damage stylus? Warping is one of the effects of improper vinyl record storage. It can be reversible, but can you still play the vinyl record even if it’s slightly warped?

    Fortunately, you can still play a warped vinyl record. How come? How does this science even function in the first place?

    1. It may be warped, but the grooves are still intact.
    2. It’s not the record that can destroy the stylus, but the stylus can destroy the record.
    3. It’s not warped to the point of no repair.

    If you want to understand how warped records can still play, you’re welcome to keep reading. This information is essential to both novices in the vinyl record industry and experts in the field. 

    Can Warped Record Damage Stylus?

    No, your warped record cannot damage the stylus. It’s the other way around. A blunt or worn-out stylus can damage a vinyl record, whether warped or not. 

    How is that possible? Well, it all boils down to the science of it all. But first, it’s best to get out what warping is and what causes warping. 

    What Is Warping? 

    Warping is the bending or distortion of vinyl records when you expose them to harmful conditions. Vinyl records are pretty fragile. They require adequate room temperature and dust-free environments to maintain their state.  

    Why Is My Vinyl Warped?

    The following reasons cause vinyl record warping:

    • Increase in temperature 
    • Inadequate vinyl record storage 

    If you’re new to vinyl records and have never seen vinyl warping, you can try two things. Watch a Youtube video where the creator purposefully warps a vinyl record. Or leave a vinyl record out in the summer sun for thirty minutes. You will find your vinyl warped and ready to go, or if you leave it there for much longer, you can find it completely melted.

    If you decide to do the latter, kindly use an old vinyl record with little to no value. Vinyl records do have some monetary value. Not all of them, but a small minority do. Nevertheless, this little experiment should give you a better understanding of a warped vinyl. 

    Is It Alright To Play A Warped Vinyl?

    In my experience, playing a warped vinyl is a recipe for disaster. The record will play, no doubt about that, but you won’t be listening to an album at that point. 

    Whatever will come out of the turntable will no longer be sound; it’ll be noise and nothing else. A warped vinyl record still has the grooves, but they’re more distorted than anything, and the noise that will come out of the turntable will be annoying. 

    It wouldn’t hurt to try playing a warped record for the sake of science and experience but play it at your own cost. Many vinyl record owners have made mistakes with a warped vinyl; it would be best if you learned from their mistakes and not yours.  

    Not only that, but experts do not recommend playing a warped vinyl record. It’s useless, to be honest, playing a warped vinyl because you’ll get nothing out of it, but at the same time, it goes against the unspoken yet still spoken code of vinyl record keeping. 

    Storing vinyl records is mandatory for anyone who’s going into vinyl keeping. It’s part of the basics of collecting vinyl records in the first place. To start, the fact that your vinyl warped could also be a sign of lousy storage from your end. 

    An inadequately stored vinyl record will warp. As shared earlier, vinyl records are like plants. If you don’t care for them, they won’t dry out or die; they will either warp, accumulate dust, and quite possibly get damaged the next time you want to play them. 

    What Damages Vinyl Records And The Stylus?

    Dust. If you decide to play a vinyl record without cleaning it first, you will damage both the record and the stylus. Dust, dirt, or any unnecessary matter on the surface of the vinyl record will damage or erode it to the point of no repair.

    Apart from that, a worn-out stylus can damage a vinyl record. A stylus isn’t necessarily a needle; it comes in a cone shape that manufacturers polish to perfection. 

    The higher the polish on the stylus, the less friction between the stylus and the grooves on the vinyl record, so playing the vinyl record will be a lot smoother. 

    Any dust or dirt on the grooves or the surface of the record causes fiction while playing. Therefore, the stylus begins to wear off, and voila, your worn-out stylus can damage the in-coming vinyl record you’re going to play. 

    All of this plays back to vinyl record storage. It is a necessity that a lot of new vinyl owners tend to overlook. If a record isn’t cleaned or stored correctly, it will experience some damage while it’s in use. You could say that without cleaning and proper handling of vinyl records, you’re skipping some parts in its circle of life. 

    As odd as it may be, the lifetime of a vinyl record is entirely dependent on its storage. You can say the same for sealed vinyl records. They all need to be stored adequately and efficiently. 

    Can You Fix A Warped Vinyl Record?

    Why yes, yes, you can fix a warped record. In the same manner, you created a warped record; can you also fix it. By using heat and pressure on both sides of the vinyl record, you can quickly flatten it out and, this time, correctly store the vinyl record. 

    Experts recommend taking your time with the fixing process. Patience is a virtue, and you’ll need lots of it when trying to CTRL Z, the warped vinyl record. 

    It would be best to consult various Youtube channels to get the gist on fixing a warped vinyl record. Most significantly, if you’re new to vinyl record keeping. 

    You may also want to take a look at my other article, where I describe my own methods for fixing a warped record. Is It Ok To Play A Warped Record? (Answer Here)

    Here you can read even more about warped vinyl records.
    Is It Normal For Vinyl To Be Warped?

    FAQs About Warped Records

    Sources

    1. Jenna Miles, The Beginner’s Guide to Vinyl Records: How to Build, Maintain and Experience a Music Collection in Analogue (Massachusetts: Adams Media,2017) Accessed August 5th, 2021. 
    2. Shure, Stylus Wear, and Record Wear, Shure, https://service.shure.com/s/article/stylus-wear-and-record-wear?language=en_US Accessed August 5th,2021.
    3. Steven Williams, How to store vinyl records, Discogs, https://blog.discogs.com/en/how-to-store-vinyl-records/ Accessed August 5th,2021. 
    4. Levi Sheppard, Guide to flattening warped vinyl records, Vinyl Me Please, https://magazine.vinylmeplease.com/magazine/guide-to-flattening-warped-vinyl-records/ Accessed August 5th, 2021.